What is the relationship between sufficient and necessary conditions?

The correct answer illustrates the fundamental relationship between sufficient and necessary conditions in logical reasoning. A sufficient condition is one that, if fulfilled, guarantees that a certain outcome occurs. Conversely, a necessary condition must be present for that particular outcome to happen, but it alone does not guarantee the outcome.

When a sufficient condition is met, it ensures that the necessary condition is also satisfied. For example, consider the scenario where "having a valid passport" is a sufficient condition for "being able to travel internationally." In this case, if someone has a valid passport (the sufficient condition), they must also meet the necessary condition of "having the right documentation to travel internationally."

This relationship is critical in logical reasoning and helps clarify how different conditions interact with each other. Understanding that the occurrence of a sufficient condition assures the occurrence of the necessary condition provides clarity in evaluating arguments and drawing logical conclusions. Thus, option C accurately reflects this relationship by stating that if a sufficient condition occurs, then the necessary condition must also occur.