What does the term "non sequitur" refer to in logical reasoning?

The term "non sequitur" refers specifically to a conclusion that does not logically follow from the premises presented. In logical reasoning, arguments are structured to ensure that there is a clear and logical connection between the premises (the supporting statements or evidence) and the conclusion (the claim that is being made). If a conclusion is labeled as a non sequitur, it indicates that there is a disconnect; the conclusion cannot be reliably derived from the premises laid out. This distinction is crucial in evaluating the strength and validity of arguments, as a non sequitur undermines an argument’s logical foundation.

For example, if one were to argue that "It is raining outside, therefore I will pass my exam," this constitutes a non sequitur because the premise about the weather does not logically lead to a conclusion about academic performance. Recognizing non sequiturs helps in identifying flawed reasoning, allowing for more rigorous analysis and debate in discussions. This is why the identification of a non sequitur is significant when assessing the logic within arguments.